By: Dr Rosie Alcorn BVSc PG Cert VPS Cert AVP MRCVS
With Aintree having taken place over the weekend, it's the perfect time to take a closer look at our elite equine athletes, the common health challenges they face, particularly gastric ulcers in racehorses, and how we can manage these issues effectively to support both their welfare and performance.
Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (EGUS) is a widespread concern in racehorses globally, with prevalence estimates ranging from 70–90%. This high incidence is largely due to the demands of high-intensity training, diets rich in non-structural carbohydrates (NSC), and limited access to forage. Beyond being a significant welfare issue, gastric ulcers can lead to reduced appetite, weight loss, and ultimately, a drop in performance.
The most reliable method for diagnosing gastric ulcers is gastroscopy. This procedure allows for complete visualisation of the stomach, enabling vets to assess the severity and location of any ulceration. A clear diagnosis helps tailor the most effective treatment strategy. Close collaboration with your veterinary surgeon is essential when managing EGUS.
The very nature of the sport means our racehorses are predisposed to developing gastric ulcers. Thoroughbreds in training require high-energy diets, and while ideally, this energy would be forage-based, the realities of training, travel, and competition often make this difficult to achieve.
On a typical day, racehorses can be out of the stable for several hours, which naturally reduces forage intake. While turnout has become more common in recent years, many thoroughbreds tend to play rather than graze, especially compared to leisure or native breeds. All these factors contribute to an increased risk of gastric ulceration in thoroughbreds.
Signs of gastric ulceration can vary but often include:
Reduced appetite
Weight loss
Inability to maintain condition
Behavioural changes (e.g., girth sensitivity)
Drop in performance
Mild colic, particularly after eating
Teeth grinding
Here are some practical strategies for managing and preventing gastric ulcers in racehorses:
1. Increase Forage Intake
Maximising fibre intake is essential. Where possible, travel with hay nets and offer forage before and after training. High-fibre mashes or adding chaff to feeds can also help increase fibre consumption.
2. Reduce Non-Structural Carbohydrates (NSC)
Recent studies show thoroughbreds can perform well on high-fat, low-starch diets. Incorporating oil as an energy source and transitioning away from starch-heavy feeds can benefit ulcer-prone horses. Always make dietary changes gradually and in consultation with a qualified equine nutritionist.
3. Choose Easily Digestible Feeds
Feeds such as steam-extruded grains are more digestible and can help reduce the volume of feed required, lowering the risk of stomach acid accumulation.
4. Feed Little and Often
Dividing the total daily ration into smaller, more frequent meals mimics natural grazing behaviour and reduces the time horses spend without food. Transitioning from three to four feeds per day can make a difference.
5. Encourage Turnout and Social Interaction
Whenever possible, allow thoroughbreds time in the field. Social interaction and time outdoors help reduce stress, which is a key factor in ulcer development.
The nature of thoroughbred training makes gastric ulcers a common challenge, but with proactive management, their impact can be significantly reduced. By optimising diet, improving forage access, reducing stress, and implementing targeted veterinary treatments, we can support the health and performance of our racehorses.
As the world watches these elite athletes compete at Aintree, it's a timely reminder of the importance of continuously refining our management strategies. Regular veterinary care and tailored nutrition plans are essential for helping our equine athletes thrive in their demanding careers.
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