Supporting the Equine Microbiome

By: Dr Rosie Alcorn BVSc PG Cert VPS Cert AVP MRCVS

What is the Equine Microbiome?

Recently, there has been a growing focus on the equine microbiome. The equine microbiome refers to the collection of microorganisms living in a horse's digestive tract, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa. These microorganisms play a crucial role in your horse's overall health. In fact, horses can host up to 10^15 bacterial cells within their GI tract! In recent years, research has highlighted the importance of a healthy microbiome and its impact on horse health. Let's explore this further.

Why is the Microbiome So Important in Horses?

Horses are hindgut fermenters, meaning the majority of their digestion takes place in the large intestine, specifically in the caecum. Here, a large population of microorganisms breaks down fibrous plant material into volatile fatty acids, which serve as the primary energy source for horses. The microbiome also synthesises essential vitamins, such as B and K. A healthy population of gut bacteria ensures a stable energy supply and protects against harmful pathogens.

Several factors can affect the microbiome, including stress, medication, disease, and age. Diet, however, is one of the most significant influences. For instance, just one high-starch meal can negatively impact the microbiome, while a high-fibre diet actively supports a healthy microbial balance.

How Can We Support a Healthy Microbiome?

• Feed High-Quality Fibre: Providing quality fibre helps promote a healthy microbial population in the hindgut.

• Avoid High-Starch, Grain-Based Diets: These can disrupt the delicate balance of microorganisms.

• Introduce Dietary Changes Gradually: Sudden changes can stress the microbiome and disrupt its function.

• Supplement with Pre and Probiotics: These can support the growth of beneficial bacteria in the gut.

• Reduce Stress in the Horse's Environment: A calm and consistent environment supports overall gut health.

The Importance of a Healthy Equine Microbiome

The equine microbiome is a cornerstone of horse health, influencing everything from digestion to immunity and performance. By understanding and supporting this complex microbial ecosystem, horse owners and veterinarians can enhance the well-being and longevity of their equine companions. Focusing on balanced nutrition, stress management, and proper veterinary care will ensure a thriving microbiome and a healthier horse.